EFFECT OF INSTRUMENTAL MATERIAL IN TEACHING AND LEARNING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE CENTER IN IKARA LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of pupils in
early childhood care centres in Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State
today is not absolutely new. What is new is the technological equipment that
have been introduced into the teaching and learning process. With the evolving
and new communication media, efforts are on the increase in the application of
instructional aids to learning; a development that has proven to be beneficial
to the pupils. Many teachers are not knowledgeable or find it difficult to use
instructional materials when teaching because of lack of training on it’s
application for effective use and dissemination of knowledge. Some teachers do
not see the instructional materials for use. Hence, teachers are faced with the
problem of talking about instructional materials without making bold attempts. It
is virtually important that teachers keep in mind the purpose for which
instructional materials are used. The characteristics and special need for
pupils to be taught by them and the bases for selecting the materials most
likely use to help learners achieve the objective of their study. For example,
teachers must know when to use a film to clarify important concepts rather than
explaining it in a text book. When to use discussion alone, when to embark on a
field trip with the showing and discussion of a related film strip, when to
assign outside viewing of television programme of self-study of a programmed
filmstrip or when to have the class produce diagrams or flannel boards
illustrations as part of summarizing oral report on one aspect of class work. The
modern method of teaching is known as formal process. Therefore whether in a
formal or informal situation, knowledge are easily assimilated. (Edward, 2014).
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School is foundation of the child’s
formal educational development. The quality of teaching at this stage will not
only influence the child’s rate of learning, but will to a very large extent
determine the quality and direction of his academic achievements and career
later in life. This underscores the need to make teaching and learning very
interesting, stimulating and meaningful to the child. One of the ways of
achieving this is through the proper utilization or assessment of instructional
materials. (Fredrick, 2014).
Agugbem E.O. (2008) view instructional
materials as the equipment, devices, objects, and formation materials which the
teacher uses to facilitate learning process. In other words, they are the
specific things used by the teacher in the classroom to make the pupils.
Learning process is
an expensive article on the part of the pupils but what make it attractive and
acceptable is the nature of instructional materials through which the topic is
presented by the teacher.
Instructional materials are important
to the teaching-learning process, but often teachers do neglect them during
their lesson when instructional materials are used effectively, they help to
simplify what is being taught, motivate the learners and make the lesson
meaningful. The idea of make teaching and learning meaningful, functional and
purposeful is to enable the pupils see what they are to learn clearly and also
afford them the opportunity of making use of instructional materials. Learning
tend to be more effective when individuals activity participate in learning
experience in selecting what he/she is to learn and receive feedback or result
soon after response is made having made use of specified instructional
materials. Meaningful learning is said to be possible through the active involvement
of a learner in the learning situation. It is what the learner sees or does
that he/she is likely to learn meaningfully. In a class where instructional
materials are used, the learner is an active participant in the learning
process. (Agugbem, 2008).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It has been observed by many
researchers that most pupils have difficulty in teaching and learning due to
lack of instructional materials. It is therefore very important to ensure that
instructional materials are used in teaching to arouse pupil’s interest. In
view of the above statement, the researcher aimed to study the effect of
instructional materials on the pupils. The deteriorating state of our
educational system is quite worrisome. The problem teachers and students encounter
in our educational system include inadequate teaching and learning materials. Instructional
materials are bought into play along the line to enhance educational
achievement whenever they are properly used. Nevertheless, it has been realized
that there is a need for a coordinated source of information for pre-service
teachers on the preparation and utilization of instructional materials. This
will help to reduce most of the problems in the teaching and learning process.
Inspite of this, the problem associated with the effect of instructional
materials is the procurement of the instructional materials. Other problems
that hinder the effective use of instructional materials in early childhood
care centres in Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State, include lack of
electricity supply to operate some visual aids, lack of qualified educational
technologists to operate them. However, curriculum planners should emphasize
the use of instructional materials by teachers for a break-through in
educational attainments.
1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study
The aims and objectives of this study is to:-
1. Determine the effect of instructional materials on pupils
of Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
2. Determine whether the use of instructional
materials has any influence in the teaching and learning on pupils of Early
Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
3.
Determine whether models and specimens are more effective in the
teaching and learning on pupils of Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local
Government Area of Kaduna State.
1.4 Significance
of the Study
The significance of this study will bring into light the
importance of instructional materials toward learning and teaching of pupils in
early
childhood care centres in Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State. It is also believed that this study will be useful to
teacher, if properly followed i.e. if instructional materials are effectively
used in teaching, it will enhance better performances in pupils learning and
easy delivery of lesson. It is therefore the findings of
the study will be beneficial to teacher pupils, government and the general
public in one or more ways;
First, this study will assist the teachers in Early
Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State to adopt
the consistent use of instructional materials in the classrooms to make
learning and learning interesting and enhance better understanding by the
pupils.
Since the use of instructional materials in
teaching in a formal or informal situation has positive results in the sense
that it enhance effective understanding in the learners, it will therefore
enable government to produce more instructional materials to all the schools,
to enhance productivity in education.
1.5 Research
Questions
The following research questions were formulated by
the researcher to guide this study:-
1. What are the effects of instructional materials on
pupils performance in Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local Government
Area of Kaduna State.
2. Does the use of instructional materials has any
influence in the teaching and learning on pupils of Early Childhood Care
Centres In Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
3.
Does models and specimens are more effective in the teaching and
learning on pupils of Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local Government
Area of Kaduna State.
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study will be restricted to effect of instructional
material in teaching and learning of pupils in Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local
Government Area of Kaduna State.
This was done in order to look effectively in the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning process in the schools. Furthermore, the
researcher intended to assess the effect of instructional materials in Early Childhood Care Centres In Ikara Local
Government Area of Kaduna State.
1. Instructional Aids:- This can be used interchangeably as
instructional materials. They are aids used by the teacher in classroom to
supplement the transmission of knowledge with a view to emphasizing
clarification of instructions.
2.
Instructional Materials: It is those aids used in any teaching exercise to
promote greater understanding of the learning experience.
3. Teaching: Giving instruction
to an individual and practicing the need in order to learn job or skill.
4. Primary Schools: Education
given an institution for children aged between 6-11 years plus.
5. Educational Districts: Education units of a Local Government Area........
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